Referencias de estudios sobre medio ambiente y salud

A continuación puedes acceder a un listado de algunos estudios sobre la influencia de tóxicos ambientales en la salud humana. Están agrupados por tóxicos en el aire, el agua, los alimentos, los plásticos y la ropa y los tejidos.

Entre estos estudios figuran algunos de gran solidez y otros que abren vías para continuar con la investigación.

Tóxicos en el aire y salud

Brook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., Pope, C. A., Brook, J. R., Bhatnagar, A., Diez-Roux, A. V., … & Peters, A. (2010). Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 121(21), 2331-2378.

Lelieveld, J., Evans, J. S., Fnais, M., Giannadaki, D., & Pozzer, A. (2015). The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale. Nature, 525(7569), 367-371.

Shah, A. S., Langrish, J. P., Nair, H., McAllister, D. A., Hunter, A. L., Donaldson, K., … & Mills, N. L. (2015). Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9897), 1039-1048.

Ciencewicki, J., & Jaspers, I. (2007). Air pollution and respiratory viral infection. Inhalation toxicology, 19(14), 1135-1146.

Gehring, U., Wijga, A. H., Brauer, M., Fischer, P., de Jongste, J. C., Kerkhof, M., … & Brunekreef, B. (2010). Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 181(6), 596-603.

Guarnieri, M., & Balmes, J. R. (2014). Outdoor air pollution and asthma. The Lancet, 383(9928), 1581-1592.

Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., & Acosta, N. J. (2016). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, 391(10119), 462-512.

Pope III, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thurston, G. D., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., … & Godleski, J. J. (2004). Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation, 109(1), 71-77.

Vineis, P., Hoek, G., & Krzyzanowski, M. (2005). Air pollution and lung cancer: a prospective study in Europe. International journal of cancer, 118(6), 1632-1639.

Zhang, J., Mauzerall, D. L., Zhu, T., Liang, S., Ezzati, M., & Remais, J. V. (2010). Environmental health in China: progress towards clean air and safe water. The Lancet, 375(9720), 1110-1119.

Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W., & Schwartz, J. (2000). Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six US cities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(10), 941-947.

Zhang, X., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Gao, C., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, J. (2019). Short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on pediatric asthma emergency department visits: a time-series study in Chengdu, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(12), 12071-12080.

Chen, H., Goldberg, M. S., Villeneuve, P. J., Burnett, R. T., & McKeown-Eyssen, G. (2008). Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and the risk of coronary heart disease hospitalization and mortality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(4), 496-501.

Lepeule, J., Laden, F., Dockery, D., & Schwartz, J. (2012). Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality: an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(7), 965-970.

Chiu, H. F., Yang, C. Y., & Yang, C. Y. (2013). Outdoor air pollution and male lung cancer in Taiwan. Inhalation Toxicology, 25(8), 445-451.

Samet, J. M., Dominici, F., Curriero, F. C., Coursac, I., & Zeger, S. L. (2000). Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US cities, 1987–1994. New England Journal of Medicine, 343(24), 1742-1749.

Cakmak, S., Hebbern, C., & Pinault, L. (2015). Health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution: a Canadian perspective. Environmental Reviews, 23(4), 413-424.

Wong, C. M., Thach, T. Q., Chau, Y. K., Chan, E. K., Chung, R. Y., Ou, C. Q., … & Peiris, J. S. (2008). Part 2. Association between air pollution and daily mortality rates for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong, 2001-2003. Research report (Health Effects Institute), (140), 91-217.

Krewski, D., Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Ma, R., Hughes, E., Shi, Y., … & Cakmak, S. (2009). Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and mortality. Research report (Health Effects Institute), (140), 5-114.

Laden, F., Schwartz, J., Speizer, F. E., & Dockery, D. W. (2006). Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 173(6), 667-672. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200503-443OC

Gauderman, W. J., Avol, E., Gilliland, F., Vora, H., Thomas, D., Berhane, K., … Peters, J. (2004). The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(11), 1057-1067. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040610

Pope III, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA, 287(9), 1132-1141. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.9.1132

Gehring, U., Wijga, A. H., Brauer, M., Fischer, P., de Jongste, J. C., Kerkhof, M., … Brunekreef, B. (2010). Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 181(6), 596-603. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200906-0858OC

Huang, W., Zhu, T., Pan, X., Hu, M., Lu, S. E., Lin, Y., … Zhang, Y. (2012). Air pollution and autonomic and vascular dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease: Interactions of systemic inflammation, overweight, and gender. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 186(12), 1292-1299. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201203-0513OC

Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., & Acosta, N. J. R. (2018). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet, 391(10119), 462-512. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0

Thurston, G. D., Kipen, H., Annesi-Maesano, I., Balmes, J., Brook, R. D., Cromar, K., … Frampton, M. W. (2017). A joint ERS/ATS policy statement: what constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? An analytical framework. European Respiratory Journal, 49(1), 1600419. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00419-2016

Tóxicos en plásticos y salud

Rochman, C. M., et al. (2013). Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Scientific Reports, 3, 1439.

Liao, C., et al. (2018). Bisphenol A and its alternatives in canned seafoods, ready-to-eat meals, and fruit products from Hong Kong markets. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(34), 8953-8961.

Kwon, B., et al. (2014). Phthalate ester contamination in food products and intake estimation for the Korean population. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(12), 7044-7050.

Wang, J., et al. (2017). Migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby bottles under real use conditions. Chemosphere, 182, 510-516.

Wagner, M., et al. (2018). Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: What we know and what we need to know. Environmental Sciences Europe, 30(1), 1-9.

Schlezinger, J. J., et al. (2018). Environmental chemical disruption of thyroid hormone actions. Endocrine Reviews, 39(2), 764-797.

Liu, L., et al. (2019). A review of environmental concentrations and toxicology of human exposure to bisphenol A. Chemosphere, 214, 710-723.

Zhang, H., et al. (2017). Phthalate ester contamination in bottled drinking water from China: Human health implications. Environmental Research, 156, 47-55.

Horton, A. A., et al. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of The Total Environment, 586, 127-141.

Su, L., et al. (2019). Bisphenol A in food and drinks from the United States and its implications for human exposure. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 29(2), 159-168.

Zota, A. R., et al. (2016). Recent fast food consumption and bisphenol A and phthalates exposures among the US population in NHANES, 2003–2010. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(10), 1521-1528.

Huang, H., et al. (2017). Phthalates in food: Sources, occurrence, and analytical methods. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(4), 590-611.

Wagner, M., et al. (2014). Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: A review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. Water Research, 75, 63-82.

Vrijheid, M., et al. (2016). Environment and health in children in Europe: A review of the recent literature. Environment International, 94, 275-288.

Li, J., et al. (2018). Phthalates in canned foods: A global problem. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(22), 5575-5585.

Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC, et al. Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can Be Solved. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(7):989-996.

Halden RU. Plastics and health risks. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:179-194.

Thompson RC, Swan SH, Moore CJ, et al. Our plastic age. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1526):1973-1976.

Rochman CM, Tahir A, Williams SL, et al. Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Sci Rep. 2015;5:14340.

Andrady AL, Neal MA. Applications and societal benefits of plastics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1526):1977-1984.

Wagner M, Oehlmann J. Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: Total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2009;16(3):278-286.

Huang R, Liu H, Yan Z, et al. Phthalates exposure and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27(3):241-249.

Sun Q, Cornelis MC, Townsend MK, et al. Association of urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites with risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective investigation in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts. Environ Health Perspect. 2014;122(6):616-623.

Maricq MM, Harrison PT. Sources of microplastic pollution to the marine environment. In: Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M, eds. Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Springer International Publishing; 2015:53-72.

Wang Z, Yan J, Wang Y, et al. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the composition of the microbiome and metabolism in larval zebrafish. Chemosphere. 2019;217:646-658.

Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Occurrence of phthalate diesters in sediment and surface water from the Liaohe River Basin, Northeast China. Sci Total Environ. 2013;458-460:441-448.

Xu S, Huang J, Xu S, et al. Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A review of sources, environmental levels, and potential human health impacts. Environ Int. 2019;122:52-60.

Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling. J Hazard Mater. 2018;344:179-199.

Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DR, et al. Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009;364(1526):2027-2045.

Geyer, R., Jambeck, J.R., & Law, K.L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782.

Rochman, C.M., Tahir, A., & Williams, S.L. (2015). BPA and PS oligomer adsorption onto plastic debris in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 99(1-2), 97-104.

Liao, C., Kannan, K., Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A in paper and paper products: implications for human exposure. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(21), 17.

Muncke, J., & Myers, J.P. (2018). Toxins in synthetic materials: A call for action. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(1), 010302.

Yang, D., Qiu, Z., & Liang, Y. (2019). Occurrence and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in microplastics from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China. Science of The Total Environment, 661, 712-719.

Avio, C.G., Gorbi, S., & Regoli, F. (2017). Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to emerged threat. Marine Environmental Research, 128, 2-11.

Yang, Y., Lu, X., & Zhou, J.L. (2018). Occurrence and fate of phthalate esters in municipal sewage treatment plants: A review. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(3), 916-929.

Gómez-Canela, C., Postigo, C., & Barceló, D. (2019). Toxicity assessment of microplastics and polystyrene nanoplastics in Artemia franciscana nauplii by means of physiological and behavioural endpoints. Environmental Pollution, 252, 1214-1222.

Kärrman, A., & Bignert, A. (2019). Legacy and emerging contaminants in food: Occurrence, bioaccumulation, and potential health effects. Environmental Research, 171, 502-509.

Rani, M., & Shim, W.J. (2017). Hanhwa Total Petrochemical Co., Ltd. How do different wastewater treatment processes influence the occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 323(Part B), 177-183.

Ibeh, C.C. (2018). Bisphenol A (BPA) in food and its potential effects on human health. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 36(1), 1-23.

Zhang, Z., & Ren, N. (2019). Occurrence, fate and effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment: A review. Emerging Contaminants, 5, 96-107.

Li, B., Li, X., & Li, D. (2018). Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater treatment plants: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 631-632, 657-678.

Tóxicos en el agua y salud estudios

Boonkaew, P., Nosoongnoen, W., y Prueksasit, T. (2018). Mercury exposure in human populations living near the Bangphra canal, eastern Thailand. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 53:1108-1114.

Breda, V., Oliveira, M., Barbosa, F., Batista, B.L., y de Araújo, W.M.C. (2018). Cadmium and lead exposure in a Brazilian population: An assessment using hair and drinking water as biomarkers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 47:66-73.

Chen, C.J., Chen, C.W., Wu, M.M., y Kuo, T.L. (1992). Cancer potential in liver, lung, bladder and kidney due to ingested inorganic arsenic in drinking water. Environmental Health Perspectives, 97:259-267.

Dória, M.F., Bernardo, F.M., Calheiros, C.S.C., Lopes, C.M., Santos, A.C., y Braga, A.C. (2015). Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review. Environmental Research, 137: 49-64.

Grandjean, P., Landrigan, P.J., y Ritter, L. (2006). Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. The Lancet, 368: 2167-2178.

Halden, R.U. (2010). Plastics and health risks. Annual Review of Public Health, 31:179-194.

Jones, A.D., Hayter, M.J., Eadsforth, C.V., y Peters, T.M. (2015). The association between nitrate in drinking water and biomarkers of gastrointestinal health among Mexican children. Environmental Health, 14:58.

Kim, J.H., Jeong, S.Y., y Kim, H.K. (2015). Arsenic in drinking water and skin cancers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 30: 748-755.

Kim, Y., Lee, B.E., Park, H., Kang, J.W., Kim, H., Hong, Y.C., Ha, M., y Kim, Y.J. (2018). Prenatal exposure to lead and neurodevelopment in children: A cohort study in South Korea. Environmental Pollution, 233:440-448.

Lanphear, B.P., Hornung, R., Khoury, J., Yolton, K., Baghurst, P., Bellinger, D.C., Canfield, R.L., Dietrich, K.N., Bornschein, R., Greene, T., et al. (2005). Low-level environmental lead exposure and children’s intellectual function: an international pooled analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113:894-899.

Li, Y., Wang, J., Li, L., Yin, S., Yan, L., y Zhang, Y. (2016). Exposure to phthalates in drinking water: a review and assessment of the risks to human health. Water Research, 97:127-142.

Maas, R.P., Patch, S.C., y Waidyanatha, S. (2012). Acute toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Reviews on Environmental Health, 27:31-50.

Steinmaus, C., Ferreccio, C., Acevedo, J., Yuan, Y., Liaw, J., Durán, V., Cuevas, S., García, J., Meza, R., Valdés, R., Valdés, C., Benítez, H., Villagra, V., Cantor, K.P., Moore, L.E., y Johnson, A.T. (2018). Increased lung and bladder cancer incidence in adults after in utero and early-life arsenic exposure. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 27: 1184-1192.

Vengosh, A., Jackson, R.B., Warner, N., Darrah, T.H., y Kondash, A. (2014). A critical review of the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology, 48:8334-8348.

Wennberg, M., Strömberg, U., Bergdahl, I.A., Jansson, J.H., Kauhanen, J., Norberg, M., Skerfving, S., y Lundh, T. (2016). Myocardial infarction and mercury exposure: a case-control study in northern Sweden. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124:1-8.

Xue, X., Wang, F., Liu, S., Wang, Y., Feng, C., Zhang, X., y Zhang, X. (2020). Association between fluoride in drinking water and risk of hip fracture: A dose-response meta-analysis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 62:126626.

Zhang, Y., Han, L., Zeng, H., Ma, W., Lu, C., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Jin, Y., Liu, Y., y Zhang, Y. (2021). Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 284: 112007.

Zhang, Z., Liang, X., Li, J., Li, Y., Li, Y., y Liu, Y. (2020). Drinking water quality and gastric cancer incidence: An ecological study in Chinese urban areas. Science of the Total Environment, 720: 137481.

Zhao, Q., Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Wang, X., y Zhang, X. (2018). Exposure to nitrate in drinking water and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15:1602.

Tóxicos en alimentos y salud

Benbrook, C. M. (2016). Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally. Environmental Sciences Europe, 28(1), 1-15.

Mesnage, R., & Antoniou, M. N. (2017). Ignoring adjuvant toxicity falsifies the safety profile of commercial pesticides. Frontiers in public health, 5, 361.

Barr, D. B., Ananth, C. V., Yan, X., Lashley, S., Smulian, J. C., Ledoux, T. A., … & Hore, P. (2010). Pesticide concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera and their relation to birth outcomes in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey. Science of the total environment, 408(4), 790-795.

Benachour, N., & Séralini, G. E. (2009). Glyphosate formulations induce apoptosis and necrosis in human umbilical, embryonic, and placental cells. Chemical research in toxicology, 22(1), 97-105.

Belpoggi, F., Soffritti, M., Tibaldi, E., Falcioni, L., & Bua, L. (2010). Parental and early life exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. Environmental health, 9(1), 1-9.

Gillezeau, C., van Gerwen, M., Shaffer, R. M., & Hogan, A. (2019). Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and associations with birthweight and length of gestation in California newborns. Environmental health perspectives, 127(6), 67003.

Guyton, K. Z., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., El Ghissassi, F., Bouvard, V., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., … & Straif, K. (2015). Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate. The Lancet Oncology, 16(5), 490-491.

Hu, Y., Wu, Q., Xu, B., Jin, X., & Huang, Q. (2015). Mercury exposure, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic disruptions may affect learning in children. Medical hypotheses, 85(1), 1-4.

Knecht, A. L., Goodale, B. C., Truong, L., Simonich, M. T., Swanson, A. J., Matzke, M. M., … & Tanguay, R. L. (2019). Comparative developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant oxygenated PAHs. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 367, 32-40.

Li, Z., Li, Y., Chen, J., Bi, L., & Wang, H. (2014). Heavy metal contamination of rice and garden soil in suburban areas of Hangzhou, China. Journal of environmental sciences, 26(2), 424-432.

Mai, C. W., Kang, Y. B., Pfeiffer, C. M., & Sutter, M. E. (2016). Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in an expanded market basket survey of US food and estimated PBDE dietary intake by age and sex. Environmental health

Anderson, J. W., Baird, P., Davis, R. H., Ferreri, S., Knudtson, M., Koraym, A., Waters, V. & Williams, C. L. (2009). Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutrition Reviews, 67(4), 188-205.

Boffetta, P., Couto, E., & Wichmann, J. (2010). Nitrosamine intake from processed meat and risk of cancers of the digestive tract and urinary tract: a meta-analytical approach. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 19(6), 1414-1430.

Cade, J. E., Taylor, E. F., Burley, V. J., & Greenwood, D. C. (2010). Does the consumption of fruit and vegetables differ between men and women?. Appetite, 54(3), 374-379.

Cappellini, D., & Fiorelli, G. (2008). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The Lancet, 371(9606), 64-74.

Dórea, J. G. (2010). Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances in fish: human health considerations. Science of the Total Environment, 408(7), 1613-1621.

Esmaillzadeh, A., & Azadbakht, L. (2008). Major dietary patterns in relation to general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women. Journal of Nutrition, 138(2), 358-363.

Hu, F. B. (2003). Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(3), 544S-551S.

Lin, J., Zhang, S. M., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., & Lee, I. M. (2007). Dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and fiber, and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women (United States). Cancer Causes & Control, 18(7), 715-723.

Mozaffarian, D., & Rimm, E. B. (2006). Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA, 296(15), 1885-1899.

Perneger, T. V., Whelton, P. K., & Klag, M. J. (1995). Risk of kidney failure associated with the use of acetaminophen, aspirin, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The New England Journal of Medicine, 333(16), 993-997.

Rabin, R. C. (2018). The evidence points to a better way to fight obesity. The New York Times.

Smit, H. A., Grievink, L., Tabak, C., & de Baets, E. (2006). Exposure to multiple environmental agents and their effect. Acta Paediatrica, 95(s453), 106-113.

Steinberg, D., & Parthasarathy, S. (1990). Antioxidants and oxidized lipoproteins in human blood plasma. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 195(3), 297-301.